Incidence and Predictors of Peripheral Venous Catheter-Related Complications in Hospitals in Burkina Faso

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Résumé

Introduction: Peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) are the most commonly
used medical devices in hospitals for the administration of medications. Their
use can lead to complications of varying severity. Objective: Determine the
incidence and factors associated with the occurrence of PVC-related compli
cations. Methods: This was a two-month prospective observational study
conducted in the Medical Emergency Department (MED) of Yalgado Oue
draogo Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou. All patients admitted during the
study period who had a PVC inserted and removed were included in the
study. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated
with the occurrence of complications. Results: In total, 459 PVCs were in
serted and removed in 415 patients hospitalized at the Medical Emergency
Department during the study period. The placement of 37.7% (n = 173) of
PVCs resulted in complications in 131 patients (31.6%). For 644.3 days of ca
theterization, the incidence density was estimated at 6.5 complications per
1000 patient days. Phlebitis (24.0%), infection (5.7%), and accidental removal
(2.8%) were the most frequently identified complications. The average age of
the patients was 46.8 ± 18.9 years with a sex ratio of 1.22. The average patient
hospitalization duration was 2.5 ± 2.6 days. In multivariate analysis, the factors significantly associated with the occurrence of complications after PVC
insertion were patient’s state of agitation during the procedure (aOR = 12.59;
95% CI = 4.12 - 38.49), placement of the PVC at the elbow bend (aOR = 2.17;
95% CI = 1.86 - 5.52), multiple attempts (aOR = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.49 - 6.75),
administration of 10% hypertonic glucose solution (aOR = 3.67; 95% CI =
1.62 - 8.33), and duration of catheterization beyond 72 hours without being
changed (aOR = 33.00; 95% CI = 14.19 - 76.75). Conclusion: The incidence
of PVC-related complications was relatively high. The identification of the
factors that can lead to these complications is relevant to the delivery of qual
ity healthcare to patients.

Mots-clés

Peripheral Venous Catheter, Complications, Risk Factors, Emergencies