Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Diarrhoea in Boromo, Burkina Faso

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Résumé

Introduction: Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli infections represent a major public health
problem, particularly due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. This study to assess the
prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of these Enterobacteriaceae in patients admitted to the
Boromo health district in Burkina Faso.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 stool samples were collected from Diarrhoea Patients
in Boromo, Burkina Faso and analysed to determine the pathogenic germs. Bacterial strains were
identified using standard microbiological methods, and their antibiotic susceptibility was determined
by the disk diffusion method (EUCAST). 17 antibiotics with diferent families were tested. Multidrug
resistance profiles and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production were also assessed.
Results: This study revealed that the population was predominantly female (54%, n=81) and that
the most represented age group was children aged 0-5 years (38%, n=57). The results revealed a
prevalence of 22% (n=33) for Salmonella spp and 25.3% (n=38) for Escherichia coli. A co
contamination rate of 15.5% (n=11) was observed. The prevalence of the two bacteria as a function
of age. The highest prevalence of Salmonella spp. was found in children under 5 (36.37%).
Conversely, for Escherichia coli, the highest prevalence was found in the 15-65 years (39.47%).
Both species showed high resistance profiles, particularly to erythromycin (>90%) and tetracycline
(>60%). Multidrug resistance rates of 69.7% for Salmonella spp. and 78.9% for Escherichia coli
were recorded. The rate of ESBL-producing strains was 12.7%. High susceptibility was maintained
for macrolides (n= 33, 100%) and (n=38, 100%) carbapenems (n= 30, 90,91%) and (n=38, 100%),
aminosides (n=31, 93,94%) and (n=35, 92,10%) for Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli
respectively.
Conclusion: This study confirms the persistence of resistance of these enterobacteria in the
hospital setting. Surveillance and antibiotic management measures are needed to preserve
therapeutic options and limit the spread of resistant strains.

Mots-clés

Diarrhoea patients; Salmonella spp.; Escherichia coli; multidrug resistance; ESBL; Boromo